Detail Cantuman Kembali
Rancang Bangun Turbin Propeller Open Flume 700 Watt dengan Bahan Runner dari Daur Ulang Limbah Bubutan Alumunium Terpilih
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INTISARI
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang bangun turbin propeller open
flume 700 watt dengan bahan runner dari daur ulang limbah bubutan alumunium
terpilih.
Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMK Negeri 2 Karanganyar dan di CV. Karya
Logam Desa Bejen Kecamatan Karanganyar, Kabupaten. Karanganyar, Jawa
Tengah. Waktu penelitian pada bulan Nopember sampai Desember 2007. Metode
penelitian dengan merancang dan membuat turbin secara langsung, menguji bahan
runner dari limbah bubutan alumunium terpilih dan menguji kinerja turbin.
Parameter yang diteliti adalah komposisi bahan alumunium terpilih, kekuatan
tarik dan kekerasannya, melalui uji komposisi bahan, uji kekerasan Rocwell B dan
uji tarik. Kinerja turbin diukur dari putaran, kuat arus, tegangan, frekuensi dan
daya output generator.
Rancangan turbin meliputi daya output 704 watt, head 3 meter dan debit
32 liter/detik. Ukuran utama turbin yaitu: diameter runner 130 mm, tebal runner
50 mm, jumlah sudu 5 buah, diameter buss 51 mm, diameter poros 14 mm,
diameter poros pada bantalan 20 mm, transmisi sabuk-v tipe A dengan diameter
puli besar 120 mm, diameter puli kecil 65 mm. Generator mempunyai kapasitas
1000 watt jenis induksi satu phasa dengan 2 buah pole, putaran sinkron 3000 rpm.
Uji komposisi menunjukkan kandungan unsur-unsur ; Si 8,79 %, Fe 1,09 %, Cu
1,95 %, Zn 2,02 % dan Al 85 %. Unsur lainnya dibawah 1 %. Uji kekerasan
Rocwell B untuk bahan runner menghasilkan angka 75,2 RB dan kekuatan tarik
12,09 kg/mm2. Hasil uji kinerja turbin didapatkan; tegangan 220 volt pada putaran
3000 rpm, frekuensi 50 Hz, kuat arus 2,4 ampere, daya output tertinggi pada saat
diuji 525 watt. Efisiensi total turbin sebesar 55 %.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rancang bangun turbin propeller
open flume 700 watt dengan bahan runner dari daur ulang limbah bubutan
alumunium terpilih dapat dilaksanakan dengan hasil berkisar pada perencanaan.
Analisis ekonomi turbin, instalasi sipil, kelistrikan, dan kelengkapan lainnya
cukup layak dengan B/C ratio = 1,37.
Kata kunci : Turbin, runner, limbah, alumunium
xiii
ABSTRACT
This research is aimed to design and build a 700 Watt Open flume
Propeller Turbine with runner materials from selected Alumunium guy wire waste
recycling.
The research is carried out at SMK Negeri 2 Karanganyar high school and
at CV. Karya Logam in Bejen village, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java in
November until December 2007. The method of the research is by designing and
making the turbine directly, examining the runner materials from the selected
aluminium guy wire waste and examining the performance of the turbine. The
parameter tested is the composition of the selected aluminium, tensile strength and
hardness, through the test of materials composition, Rocwell B hardness test, and
stretching test. The performance of the turbine is measured from the rotation,
amperage, voltage, frequencies, output generator power.
The design of turbine comprises a 704 watt output power, 3 meter head
and 32 liter per second discharge. The main dimension of turbine is 30 mm for the
runner diameter, 50 mm for the runner thickness, 5 for the number of blades, 51
mm for the buss diameter, 14 mm for the shaft diameter, 20 mm for the shaft
diameter on bearing, A type v-belt transmission with the big pully diameter 120
mm, and 65 mm for the small pully diameter. The generator has a capacity of
1000 watt with the induction type is one phase with two poles, and the
synchronous rotation is 3000 rpm. The composition test shows the content of
elements: 8.79 % Si, 1.09 % Fe, 1.95 % Cu, 2.02% Zn and 85 % Al. Other
elements are less than 1 %. Rocwell B hardness test for the runner material shows
number 75.2 RB and for the tensile strength 12.09kg/mm2. The result of turbine
performance test is: 220 volt for the voltage at the rotation of 3000 rpm, 50 Hz
frequency, 2.4 ampere for the amperage, the highest output power is when tested
at 525 watt and the total efficiency of turbine is 55 %.
The result of the research shows that the designing and building of the 700
watt open flume propeller turbine with the runner materials from the selected
aluminium guy wire waste recycling can be done with the result to the
specifications. Turbine economic analysis, civil installation, electricity, and other
equipments deserve with B/C ratio = 1.37.
Key word : Turbine, runner, waste, alumunium
xiv
Maret 2008
R 153.43 Soe r c.1 03.2008
153.43
Thesis
Indonesia
Magister Sistem Teknik UGM
2008
Yogyakarta
xiv, 90 hlm.; ilus.; 29 cm.
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