Detail Cantuman Kembali
Pengaruh Jumlah Sudu Roda Jalan terhadap Unjuk Kerja Turbin Aliran Silang
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INTISARI
Perancangan dan fabrikasi roda jalan turbin aliran silang mempunyai pengaruh yang besar terhadap unjuk kerjanya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh jumlah sudu roda jalan terhadap unjuk kerja turbin aliran silang. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi ilmu pengetahuan terutama bagi yang berminat mengkaji masalah turbin aliran silang dan bagi pelaku mikrohidro dalam memilih jumlah sudu yang tepat.
Penelitian dilakukan dengan studi eksperimental pada lima roda jalan berdiameter 110 mm lebar 84 mm dengan jumlah sudu 13, 18, 23, 28 dan 33. Pengujian dilakukan pada sistem pembangkit mikrohidro skala kecil dengan head 5,48 m. Debit air yang digunakan pada pengujian adalah 4 l/s, 5 l/s dan 6 l/s. Putaran roda jalan diukur menggunakan tachometer, dan daya keluaran diukur menggunakan multimeter.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin meningkat jumlah sudunya unjuk kerja semakin tinggi, kemudian menurun setelah melewati jumlah sudu tertentu. Pengujian dengan debit 4 dan 5 l/s putaran tertinggi adalah roda jalan bersudu 33, pada debit 6 l/s dicapai roda jalan bersudu 28. Daya keluaran generator terbesar dicapai oleh roda jalan bersudu 33 pada debit 4 l/s sebesar 10,17 W dan 34,234 W pada debit 5 l/s, untuk debit 6 l/s dicapai oleh roda jalan bersudu 28 sebesar 58,422 W. Efisiensi tertinggi pada debit 4 l/s sebesar 5,55 % dan debit 5 l/s sebesar 15,27 % yang dicapai roda jalan bersudu 33, untuk debit 6 l/s efisiensi tertinggi dicapai oleh roda jalan bersudu 28 sebesar 22,31 %.
Kata kunci : sudu roda jalan, debit, putaran, daya keluaran, efisiensi.
ABSTRACT
A design and fabrication of a cross-flow turbine runner have an impact on its performance. This research aimed to identify the influence of the number of blades against the cross-flow turbine performance. Hopefully, the results would be fruitful for science, particularly for those investigate the cross-flow turbine issues and the micro-hydro subjects in choosing the right number of blades.
This research was carried out with experimental study on five runners with 110 mm in diameter and 84 mm in width and of which number of blades are 13, 18, 23, 28 and 33. It was run under small-scale micro-hydro power station of which head was 5,48m.The water discharges employed in this research were 4 l/s, 5 l/s and 6 l/s as well. The runner rotation was measured by tachometer, and multi-meter measured the output power.
The results showed that the increasing number of blade made the better performance, but after a certain number of blades it would gradually worse. The tests with discharges of 4 and 5 l/s resulted the highest rotation for the runner with 33 blades. While for the discharge of 6 l/s is obtained by the runner with 28 blades. The greatest output power of generator was obtained by the runner with 33 blades under 4 l/s in discharge of 10,17 W and of 34,234 W under 5l/s, while under 6 l/s in discharge it was obtained by the runner with 28 blades in the amount of 58,422 W. The highest efficiency of 5,55 % was under 4 l/s in discharge and of 15,27 % under 5 l/s in discharge obtained by the runner with 33 blades. While for the discharge of 6 l/s the highest efficiency of 22,31 % was obtained by the runner with 28 blades.
Keywords : Number of runner blade, Discharge, Rotation, Output power, Efficiency.
September 2003
R 153.43 Win p c.1 09.2003
153.43
Thesis
Indonesia
Magister Sistem Teknik UGM
2003
Yogyakarta
xvii, 142 hlm.; ilus,; 29. cm.
Disertai CD
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